Until 2015 the international community will be involved in the assessment of progress in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the definition of a global agenda for development in the post-2015 period. Significant changes have occurred since their approval: global power balances are dramatically shifting, the geography of poverty has been considerably altered, the North-South dichotomy is becoming inadequate, and there is greater awareness on the interdependency of global challenges and the persistence of structural inequalities. The new global agenda should be people-centered and human rights-based and materialise the absolute need for tackling inequalities in its several dimensions, going beyond aid and beyond the MDGs.